MOSCOW – Femeile din Rusia si Ucraina se unesc si vorbesc – o data, nu despre tensiunile dintre cele doua natiuni ale lor, nici despre separatistii sustinuti de Rusia care lupta in estul Ucrainei – ci despre experientele lor de viol si violenta sexuala.
Victoria Ivleva avea doar 20 de ani cand a fost violata de un strain, la doar cativa pasi de cladirea de apartamente din Moscova. Polina Nemirovskaya era inca o adolescenta cand o prietena de familie, de patru decenii, seniorul ei s-a imbatat si a presat-o in sex. Cand Ekaterina Romanovskaya a respins avansurile betiv ale unui barbat, a fost injunghiata de noua ori in gat si abdomen si abia a supravietuit.
Sute de povesti personale despre violenta sexuala si hartuire apar pe social media din Rusia si Ucraina, dupa ce o postare a jurnalistului ucrainean Nastya Melnychenko a devenit o senzatie pe internet. Sub hashtag-ul #IAmNotAfraidToSpeak in limba ucraineana si rusa, sute de femei s-au dus pe Facebook pentru a-si impartasi povestile.
Intr-o regiune in care orice discutie despre violenta sexuala si domestica este adesea tabu, reactia pe scara larga declansata de detasarea lui Melnychenko a surprins societatea prin surprindere. De obicei, victimele se tem de repercusiunile deschiderii cu privire la un atac, se sperie ca vor fi invinovatite sau judecate de opinia publica, de politie si chiar de familiile lor. In comunitatile mici, acest lucru este deosebit de problematic.
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Voluntarea brusca a femeilor rusesti si ucrainene de a vorbi a deschis calea pentru discutii publice despre cum sa combata sau sa elimini hartuirea sexuala.
Maria Mokhova, directorul Centrului Surorilor, o initiativa rusa independenta care ajuta supravietuitorii violentei sexuale, a declarat ca miscarea pe internet este prima de acest fel si poarta un mesaj important.
„Este important pentru ca arata supravietuitorilor ca (violenta sexuala) este vina societatii, nu a lor insisi”, a spus ea. „Abuzul este pastrat secret in Rusia, deoarece este considerat rusinos. Oamenii nu te cred si nu cred ca ceea ce ti s-a intamplat este traumatic. ”
Aceasta atitudine a determinat-o pe Melnychenko sa-si rupa tacerea. Dupa ce a citit inca o postare, invinovatind victimele violului pentru ceea ce li s-a intamplat, ea a detaliat abuzurile sexuale care au inceput la varsta de 6 ani si au continuat pana la varsta adulta.
Melnychenko considera ca miscarea digitala pe care a aprins-o are potentialul de a produce schimbari reale.
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„Ceea ce este cu adevarat important este ca acest post a inceput o discutie publica a problemei”, a declarat ea pentru The Associated Press din Kiev, capitala Ucrainei. „Oficialii nostri au vazut aceasta puternica cerere publica de schimbare. … Si-au dat seama ca aceasta este intr-adevar o problema si ca trebuie gasita o solutie. „
Miscarea s-a raspandit rapid spre est si in curand si femeile rusesti au postat despre violenta.
„In toate tarile post-sovietice, exista o„ cultura a violentei ”fata de femei”, a spus Melnychenko. „Aceasta inseamna ca toate femeile din tarile cu mostenire sovietica au ceva de spus.”
Nemirovskaya, o activista in domeniul drepturilor omului de 20 de ani din Moscova, a fost lovita de modul in care acest lucru a unit utilizatorii Facebook si rusi si ucraineni dupa doi ani de tensiuni in timpul razboiului dintre guvernul ucrainean si separatistii sustinuti de Rusia din estul Ucrainei.
Nemirovskaya a fost una dintre numeroasele femei ruse care a vorbit despre experienta ei, care a avut loc in urma cu trei ani, cand a fost hartuita de o prietena de familie. Ea a spus ca scopul ei a fost sa arate „ca chiar si o femeie care incearca sa fie puternica si incearca sa nu se gandeasca la ea insasi ca o victima a trecut prin asta”.
Multe dintre femei au spus ca experienta de a vorbi si de a infrunta traumele lor trecute fara rusine a fost cathartica.
Pentru Romanovskaya, a fost un pas catre intelegerea problemei.
„Dupa ce ai spus-o, intelegi ca exista o problema si trebuie sa gasesti o solutie. Atata timp cat taceti, nu puteti face nimic ”, a spus ea.
In 2000, Romanovskaya nearly died when she was repeatedly stabbed after trying to ignore the advances of a drunken stranger in the center of Moscow. Now based in New York, she has developed a smart ring called “Nimb,” which serves as a panic button for someone in trouble.
“It was just something I wanted to share, to show people in a similar situation that life goes on, and that you can be really happy, you can be successful, you can achieve a lot, you can overcome all these circumstances,” Romanovskaya said.
Ivleva, an award-winning Russian photographer, said communicating with other victims of sexual trauma can be constructive and reassuring.
“You talk to somebody and you feel that you’re not alone in the world,” she said. “There is somebody on the other side of your country, at the other end of your country, who shares your views, your opinions, who suffered like you and who survived — so probably you’ll survive as well.”
Ivleva was raped in the street outside her mother’s apartment when she was 20 by a man who followed her home and threatened to kill her if she did not submit. A month later she became pregnant with his child and had an abortion. Despite an investigation, her rapist was released.
In the Russian state media, reactions to the digital outpouring about sexual violence have been mixed, with several reports mocking or criticizing it. The news agency Life News interviewed a sexologist from the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, who said many of the stories could have been fabricated and should not be shared online as they could arouse potential rapists.
The internet movement has limitations of its own. In the region, few people use Facebook, which is regarded as a Western platform for the intellectual elite. Most prefer to use the Russian equivalent, VKontakte.
“Probably if it had started on another social network like Vkontakte then maybe it would have been far better because it would be more widely spread, not only among intellectuals but among ordinary people — who I’m sure are much more abused than we are,” Ivleva said.
Unlike Melnychenko in Ukraine, few women in Russia expect any real, systematic change. Mostly they hope this has provoked an open and frank discussion, the first step on a long path to healing what Ivleva calls “an open wound” in Russian society.
Romanovskaya vowed that activists would not let the issue go away.
“When you deal with the Russian government, you can never be sure. But we will flag this issue, again and again — until we’ve got their attention,” she said.










































